老年慢性心力衰竭患者治疗负担潜在剖面及其与衰弱的相关性

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探索老年慢性心力衰竭患者治疗负担的潜在剖面类别,分析不同类别的影响因素,并探讨其与衰弱的相关性,为实施精准护理干预提供依据。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2025年7-12月于南通市第一人民医院就诊的255例老年慢性心力衰竭患者为研究对象。使用一般资料调查表、慢性心力衰竭治疗负担量表、Fried衰弱表型量表进行横断面调查。采用潜在剖面分析识别治疗负担的潜在类别,通过单因素分析比较不同类别患者的特征,并分析其与衰弱水平的关联。结果 255例患者治疗负担总分为(72.35±18.42)分,处于较高水平。潜在剖面分析将其分为3个类别：C1“多维高负担型”(n=52,20.4%)、C2“中等均衡负担型”(n=135,52.9%)、C3“低负担适应型”(n=68,26.7%)。单因素分析显示,不同类别患者在年龄、文化程度、家庭收入、心衰病程、再住院次数及服药种类数方面差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同负担类别患者的衰弱水平存在显著差异(P<0.001),C1组患者的衰弱发生率(76.92%)及衰弱总分均显著高于C两组与C3组。结论老年慢性心力衰竭患者治疗负担呈现3种异质性模式,且与衰弱状态密切相关。“多维高负担型”患者是衰弱发生的高危人群。临床应针对不同负担剖面的特征,尤其关注高龄、低收入、病程长、用药复杂的患者,实施整合性的负担管理及衰弱预防策略,以改善健康结局。

关键词: 慢性心力衰竭, 治疗负担, 衰弱, 潜在剖面分析, 影响因素

张宇杰, 何沛沛. 老年慢性心力衰竭患者治疗负担潜在剖面及其与衰弱的相关性[J]. 心血管病防治知识, 2026, 16(8): 94-100.

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