Objective To investigate the association between carotid plaque formation and abnormal hemorheology in the elderly above 65 years of age in the community outpatient service. Methods A total of 120 elderly residents who were registered in the community outpatient service were enrolled, among whom there were 45 healthy residents (control group) and 75 patients with cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases (observation group). Color Doppler ultrasound was used to detect carotid plaque, and an automatic hemorheologicalanalyzer was used to measure hemorheologicalindices, including whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, hematocrit (HCT), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and plasma fibrinogen (Fib). Results The observation group had significantly higher rate of carotid plaque formation and number of carotid plaques than the control group (P <0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly higher whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, HCT, and Fib level and a significantly lower ESR (P<0.05). ConclusionThe development of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases and carotid plaque formation are associated with abnormal hemorheologyin the elderly above 65 years of age.