Objective To investigate the application of Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) self-management nursing based on the self-transcendence theory in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods A total of 120 patients with CHF were divided into observation group and control group using a random number table, with 60 patients in each group. The patients in the control group received conventional intervention strategies, while those in the observation group received COM-B self-management nursing based on the self-transcendence theory. The two groups were compared in terms of the scores of health belief scale, Self-efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale (SECD6), Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale (ESCA), 8-Item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), and Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) before and after intervention. Results/ After treatment, both groups had significant increases in the scores of health beliefs, each dimension of SECD6 and ESCA, MMAS-8, and BMQ necessity (P<0.05), and the observation group had significantly higher scores than the control group (P<0.05). Both groups had a reduction in BMQ concern score after intervention (P<0.05), and the observation group had a significantly lower score than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion COM-B self-management nursing based on the self-transcendence theory can help to enhance the health belief, self-efficacy, and self-care ability of CHF patients and improve medication compliance and medication belief.